Green Pea
Botanical Name - Pisum Sativum L.
Family - Fabaceae

• It belongs to Leguminaceae family.
• It is a cool season crop grown throughout the world.
• Green pods are used for vegetable purpose and dried peas are used as pulse.
• In India it is cultivated in Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka and Bihar.
• It is rich source of proteins, amino acids and sugars.
• Green peas straw is good source of nutritional fodder for livestock.

Soil –

• It can grow on various soil types from sandy loam to clay soils.
• It gives best results when grown under well drained soil with pH range of 6 to 7.5.
• Crop cannot withstand in water logging conditions.
• For acidic soil, do limming.

Climate – 

• Peas favour a cool climate with an average temperature range of 10-18 C during its growth period.
• Seed germination is hampered when the temperature at the time of planting is below 5°C.

Time of sowing

• To obtain good yield complete sowing between October end to Middle of November.
• Further delay in sowing will lead to yield loss.
• For early market, some growers sow peas in second fortnight of October.

Propagation by seed .

Seed Rate
For sowing in one acre land use seed rate of 35-40 kg/acre.

Seed Treatment

• Before sowing, treat the seed with Captan or Thiram@3gm/kg of seed or Carbendazim@ 2.5gm/kg of seed.
• After chemical treatment, treat seeds with Rhizobium leguminosorum culture for better quality and yield.
• The culture material is emulsified in 10 percent sugar solution or jaggery solution. Mix thoroughly the emulsified culture with seed and dry in shade.
• It will increase yield upto 8-10%.

Use any one of fungicides

• After kharif crop harvesting, to obtain fine seed bed do one to two ploughing.
• Along with ploughing take 2-3 harrowing and do planking after ploughing operation. Field should be level to avoid waterlogging conditions in soil.
• Give pre-sowing irrigation before sowing of crop, it will help in good germination of crop.

Spacing
Use spacing of 30cmx5cm for early varieties and for late varieties use spacing of 45-60cm x 10cm.

Sowing Depth
Sow the seeds at depth of 2-3cm in soil.

Method of sowing
For sowing use seed cum fertilizer drill on ridges which are 60 cm wide.

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

• At time of sowing apply Nitrogen@20kg in form of Urea@50kg and Phosphorus@25kg in form of Superphosphate@150kg per acre.
• Drill complete dose of fertilizer along the rows.

• Depending upon variety it requires one or two weeding.
• First weeding is done either at 2-3 leaves stage or 3-4 weeks after sowing and second weeding is done before flowering.
• Using herbicides is the effective method of controlling weeds in peas cultivation. Pendimethalin@1 ltr/acre and Basalin@1 ltr/acre give good results in controlling the weeds.
• Apply herbicide within 48 hours of sowing.

• Pre sowing irrigation should be given for good germination.
• When it is cultivated after paddy crop and soil content sufficient moisture, it can sow without irrigation.
• After sowing it required one or two irrigation.
• Apply first irrigation during pre-flowering and second at pod formation stage.
• Heavy irrigation leads to the yellowing of plants and thus reducing the yield.

Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)

Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)

• At time of sowing apply Nitrogen@20kg in form of Urea@50kg and Phosphorus@25kg in form of Superphosphate@150kg per acre.
• Drill complete dose of fertilizer along the rows.

1) Pea leaf Miner:

Symptoms-

• Larva of leaf miner create tunnel in leaves.
• Due infestation loss of 10-15% is observed.

Management-

• If infestation is observed, take spray of Dimethoate 30EC@300 ml in 80-100 Ltr water per acre.
• If necessary repeat the spray after 15 days.

2) Pea Thrips and Aphid:

Symptoms-

• They suck cell saps leads to yellowing of crop and thus decreases yield of crop.
  If infestation is observed, take spray of Dimethoate 30 EC @400 ml in 80-100 Ltr water per acre.
• If necessary repeat the spray after 15 days.

3) Pod borer :

Symptoms-

• Pod borers are the most serious pests of pea.
• They bore flowers and pods, causing 10-90% losses, if left unprotected.  

Management-

• When infestation is in initial stage, take spray of Carbaryl@900gm/100Ltr of water per acre.
• If necessary repeat the spray after 15 days.
• In case of severe infestation take spray of Chlorpyriphos@1 Ltr or Acephate@800 gm in 100 Ltrs of water per acre with manually operated knapsack sprayer.

1.Fusarium wilt: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi

Symptoms

• The first symptom is drooping of the plants followed by sudden death.
• Pod formation is severely affected.
• In collar regions of the wilted plants, necrosis and discolouration can be seen.
• The diseased plants can be pulled out from the easily than the healthy ones.
• The fungus survives for indefinite periods in the soil.

Management

• Treating the seeds with Carbendazim (2 g/kg of seed) protects the seedlings during the initial stages of growth
• Treat seeds with Thiram@3gm/Ltr water or Carbendazim@2gm/Ltr water of water before sowing and avoid early sowing in badly affected areas.
• Follow three year crop rotation.
• Drench the infected area with Carbendazim@5gm/Ltr water.or Soil drenching with Copper oxychloride 0.25%.
• Destroy the weed hosts such as Lathyrus vicia etc.

2) Rust : Uromyces fabae

Symptoms

• This often becomes serious in humid regions.
• The plants dry up quickly and the yield is considerably reduced.
• The initial symptoms of the rust infection are flecking of the leaves.
• The entire leaf blade and other affected parts give a brownish appearance even from a distance.

Management

• Fungicidal application using Tridemorph 0.1 % or Mancozeb 0.25% effectively control the disease.
• Yellowish, brown spherical pustules can be observed on stems, leaves, branch and pods.
• Spray Mancozeb @25gm/Ltr of water or Indofil @ 400 gm/100Ltr of water on disease appearance and repeat the spray at 10-15 days intervals.

3.Powdery mildew: Erysiphe polygoni

Symptoms

• The disease appears as on the foliage and pods.
• Infection is first apparent on the leaves as small slightly darkened areas, which later become white powdery spots.
• These spots enlarge and cover the entire leaf area.
• Severely infected leaves may become chlorotic and distorted before falling. Affected pods are small in size and malformed.

Management

• Spray inorganic sulphur 0.25% or Tridemorph 0.1%.

• The green peas pods should be harvested at proper stage.
• Harvesting of peas may start as soon as peas started changing colour from dark to green.
• Multiple pickings like, 4 to 5 pickling can be done within the 6 to 10 days interval.
• Yield depends on the variety, soil fertility and management of the field.

Storage is done at low temperature to increase the availability of green pods for longer duration. Packing is done in gunny bags, corrugated fibre board boxes, plastic containers and bamboo baskets.

Yield: 8 -12 t/ha