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French bean
Botanical Name - Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Family - Fabaceae

Hills
YCD 1, Ooty (FB) 2, Ooty 3 (Pole type) and Premier.
Plains
Arka Komal, (Sel.9) and Premier.

Soil- 

Well drained loamy soils with pH range of 5.5-6.0 is required.

Climate –

The optimum temperature is 15-21°C.

Hills : February – March
Plains : October – November

  • Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g/kg or Thiram or Carbendazim @ 2 g/kg of seed 24 hours before sowing to control fungal diseases.
  • If the crop is raised for the first time, it should be treated with Rhizobium as in cluster beans. In hills, sow the seeds in lines or in beds.
  • In plains, sow the seeds on the sides of the ridges.

Hills: 80 kg/ha (2 seeds/hill) and 30 x 15 cm.
Plains: 50 kg/ha (2 seeds/hill) and 45 x 30 cm.

Hills: Dig the soil thoroughly and incorporate FYM. Form beds of convenient size.
Plains: After two ploughings form ridges and furrows.

Immediately after sowing, third day and thereafter once a week.

  • Apply FYM 25 t/ha at the last ploughing. N at 90 and P at 125 kg/ha should be
    applied on one side of the ridges.
  • For rainfed conditions of Shevaroy hills, apply as a basal dose of 62.5 kg/ha of Phosphorus as superphosphate and with another half of 62.5 kg/ha Phosphorus as FYM enriched super phosphate.
  • Soil application of 25kg of ZnSO4 + 10 kg Borax as basal

 

1.Gram pod borer: Helicoverpa armigera

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Symptoms of damage 
  • Defoliation in early stages
  • Larva’s head alone thrust inside the pods and the rest of the body hanging out.
  • Pods with round holes

Management

  • ETL: 10% of affected pods
  • Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa armigera 12/ha
  • Mechanical collection of grown up larva and blister beetle
  • Ha NPV 3 x1012 POB/ha in 0.1% teepol
  • Apply any one of the following insectcides:
  • Azadirachtin 0.03%WSP 2500-5000 g/ha

2.Spotted pod borer: Maruca testulalis

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Symptoms of damage

  • Bore holes on the buds, flower or pods
  • Infested pods and flowers are webbed together.

Management:

  • ETL: 3 larvae/plant
  • Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa armigera 12/ha
  • Mechanical collection of grown up larva and blister beetle
  • Ha NPV 3 x1012 POB/ha in 0.1% teepol
  • Apply any one of the following insectcides:
  • Azadirachtin 0.03%WSP 2500-5000 g/ha

3.Spiny pod borer: Etiella zinckenella

Symptoms of damage

  • Dropping of flowers and young pods
  • Older pods marked with a brown spot where a larvae has entered

4.Blue butterfly: Lampides boeticus

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Symptoms of damage

  • Buds, flowers and young pods with boreholes
  • Presence of slug like caterpillar.
  • Honey dew secretion with black ant movements

Management

Spray any one of the following insectcides (Spray fluid 500 l/ha)

    • Emamectin benzoate 5%SG 220 g/ha
    • Indoxacarb 15.8%SC 333 ml/ha
    • NSKE 5% twice followed by triazophos 0.05%
    • Neem oil 2%

5.Bean Aphids: Aphis craccivora  

 Symptoms of damage 

  • Leaves, inflorescence stalk and young pods  covered with dark coloured aphids
  • Honey dew secretion with black ant movements

Management:

  • ETL: 20/2.5 cm shoot length
  • Spray any one of the following (Spray fluid 250 l /ha)
    • Methyl demeton 25 EC 500 ml/ha
    • Dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml/ha

6.Grass blue butterfly: Euchrysops cnejus

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Symptoms of damage

  • Buds, flowers and young pods with boreholes and presence of slug like caterpillar.
  • Larval entry hole on the pod is plugged with excreta.

Management of pod borer complex

  • ETL 10% affected parts
  • Deep summer ploughing in 2-3 years to eliminate quiescent pupa.
  • Early sowing, short duration varieties.
  • Avoid closer plant spacing.
  • Grow tall sorghum as comparison crop to serve as biological bird perches
  • Collect and destroy larvae and adults to the extent possible

7.Leaf hopper: Empoasca kerri

 Symptoms of damage 

  • Leave mottled and yellowish in colour
  • Green colour insects found under surface of leaves

Management:

  •  Spray the infested crop with methyl-o- demeton 750 ml in 700 – 1000 L water per hectare

8.Pod bugs:  Riptortus pedestris

 Symptoms of damage 

  • Pods with black spots
  • Shedding of green pods
  • Poorly filled pods with shriveled grains inside

Management:

Spray any one of the following insectcides (Spray fluid 500 l/ha)

  • Dimethoate 30% EC 500ml/ha
  • Methyl demeton 25%EC 500ml/ha
  • Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 100-125 ml/ha
  • Thiamethoxam 25% WG 100 g/ha

9.Lab lab bug or Stink bug: Coptosoma cribraria

Symptoms of damage

  • Cluster on the  plant  parts and suck the sap

Management-

  • Dimethoate 30% EC 500ml/ha
  • Methyl demeton 25%EC 500ml/ha

10.Whitefly: Bemisia tabaci

Symptoms of damage
  • Leave mottled and yellowish in colour
  • vector of yellow mosaic virus

Management of sucking pests

  • Shaking the infested plants over the vessels of oil and water or oily cloth gives most effective
  • Spray methyl demeton 25 EC 500ml or dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml or phosphomidon 85 WSC 250 ml/ha

11.Blister beetle: Mylabris phalerata

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Symptoms of damage
  • The adult feeds voraciously on buds and flowers.

Management

  • Manual collection or collection with insect net and killing of adults in kerosenized water appears to be the only possible solution.

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1.Root rot and Damping off: Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Macrophomina

Symptom
  • Symptoms vary and include rapid death of young succulent plants.
  • Discoloration of taproots, longitudinal cracks of the stems, stunting, wilting and poor yields.
  • Complete control of root rot and damping off is difficult, and no variety of cowpea is resistant to root rot.
  • Persistent damp weather prior to development of the first true leaf and also the crowding of seedlings due to poor seed spacing may increase damping off.
Management
  • Soil application P. fluorescens or T. viride– 2.5 kg / ha + 50 kg of well decomposed FYM or sand
  • Spot drenching with Carbendazim @ 1 gm/ litre

2.Southern blight: Sclerotium rolfsii

Symptom
  • Southern blight is caused by a fungus that attacks roots and stems of cowpeas.
  • The first visible symptom of southern blight is a progressive, yellowing and wilting of the foliage beginning on the lower leaves.
  • The plant dies within a few days.
  • In this white-mat of the fungus, numerous smooth, round, light-tan to dark-brown mustard seed-like bodies called sclerotia are formed.

3.Cowpea mosaic: Virus

Symptom
  • Symptoms vary and include rapid death of young succulent plants.
  • Discoloration of taproots, longitudinal cracks of the stems, stunting, wilting and poor yields.
  • Complete control of root rot and damping off is difficult, and no variety of cowpea is resistant to root rot.
  • Persistent damp weather prior to development of the first true leaf and also the crowding of seedlings due to poor seed spacing may increase damping off.

Management

  • Roguing out of cowpea mosaic virus diseased plants in the early stage of growth up to 30 days and spraying twice at fortnightly intervals with Methyldemeton 25 EC 500 ml/ha.

4.Fusarium wilt: Fusarium oxysporum

Symptom
  • Fusarium wilt usually causes the lower leaves on one side of the plant to turn yellow.
  • Infected plants usually are stunted and wilted as the organism develops in the food and water conducting tissues.
  • Brick red tissue can be observed in the stem when it is split lengthwise.

Management

Fungal and viral diseases can be reduced by:

  • Treating high quality seed with fungicides labeled for cowpeas.
  • A four or five year rotation with other crops.
  • Seeding into warm, well-prepared soils.
  • Planting certified seed of resistant varieties.
  • Controlling weeds.
  • The removal of virus-affected plants.
  • Spray any one of the systemic insecticide like to control the vector.
It is ready forharvest in 50 days after sowing. 9 – 10 t/ha of green pods in 90 – 100 days.