List of Tall Varieties | List of Dwarf Varieties (Tender coconut) | List of Hybrid Varieties | Local types |
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Soil-
Climate –
Months | Normal condition (for best yield) | Moderate water scarcity condition | Severe water scarcity condition |
A. Drip irrigation | |||
February to May | 65 lit / day | 45 lit/ day | 22 lit / day |
January, August and September | 55 lit / day | 35 lit / day | 18 lit/day |
June and July, October to December | 45 lit / day | 30 lit/ day | 15 lit / day |
B. Basin irrigation | |||
February to May | 410 lit / 6 days * | ||
January, August and September | 410 lit /7 days* | ||
June and July, October to December | 410 lit /9 days* |
Eastern region
Months | Normal condition (for best yield) | Moderate water scarcity condition | Severe water scarcity condition |
A. Drip irrigation | |||
March – September | 80 lit / day | 55 lit / day | 27 lit/day |
October – February | 50 lit / day | 35 lit/ day | 18 lit /day |
B. Basin irrigation | |||
March – September | 410 lit / 5 days* | ||
October – February | 410 lit /8 days* |
1.Mulching with coconut husks/leaves/coir pith
For the broad-leaved weeds, pre-emergence spraying of atrazine @1.0 kg a.i./ ha
for the control of grasses and sedges, post emergence spraying of glyphosate @ 10 ml and 20 g Ammonium sulphate / litre of water.
Below 7 years of age:
7 – 20 years of age:
Above 20 years of age
(20 years of age has to be adjusted based on the sunlight transmission of above 50% inside the canopy).
The following crops can be grown depending on the soil and climatic suitability.
(i) Annuals : Groundnut, bhendi, turmeric, tapioca, sweetpotato, sirukizhangu, elephant foot yam, ginger, pineapple
(ii) Biennials : Banana varieties, poovan and monthan are suitable.
(iii) Perennials : Cocoa, pepper (Panniyur 1 or Panniyur 2 or Panniyur 5 or Karimunda), nutmeg* and vanilla
1.Rhinoceros beetle: Oryctes rhinoceros
Population maximum during June – Sep coinciding with the onset of monsoon.
Symptoms of Damage:
Management:
Mechanical Method:
Chemical Method:
(a) Sevidol 8G 25 g + fine sand 200 g, which is to be done thrice in a year in April-May, September-October and December-January.
2.Red Palm Weevil: Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Symptoms of Damage:
Management:
Cultural Method:
Chemical Method:
3.Coconut Eriophyid: Aceria guerreronis
Population maximum during June – Sep coinciding with the onset of monsoon.
Symptoms of Damage:
Management:
Cultural Method:
Chemical Method:
Spot application of ecofriendly Botanicals
4. Black Headed Caterpillar: Opisina arenosella
Symptoms of Damage:
Management:
Cultural Method:
Chemical Method:
5.Slug Caterpillar: Parasa lepida , Contheyla rotunda
Symptoms of Damage:
Management
Chemical Method:
Mechanical Method:
6.Coconut Skipper: Gangara thyrsis ; Suastus gremius
Population maximum during June – Sep coinciding with the onset of monsoon.
Symptoms of Damage:
Management:
Chemical Method:
7.Coreid Bug: Paradasynus rostratus
Symptoms of Damage:
Management:
Chemical Method:
Mechanical Method:
8.Bag Worm: Manatha albipes
Symptoms of Damage:
Management:
Chemical Method:
Mechanical Method:
9.White Grub/ Cockchafer Beetle: Leucopholis coneophora
Symptoms of Damage:
Management-
Chemical Method:
Physical Method:
10.Termite : Odontotermes obesus
Symptoms of Damage:
Management:
Cultural Method:
Chemical Method:
11.Lacewing Bug: Stephanitis typicus
Symptoms of Damage:
Management:
Cultural Method:
Chemical Method:
12.Scale Insect : Aspidiotus destructor
Symptoms of Damage:
Management:
Chemical Method:
Biological Method:
13.Mealy Bug: Pseudococcus longispinus
Symptoms of Damage:
Management:
Cultural Method:
Chemical Method:
1. Nitrogen (N) Deficiency
Symptoms
Management
Foliar application of 2% urea thrice at fortnightly interval or soil application of 1-2 kg urea / tree or root feeding of 1% urea (1 g/litre of water) 200 ml twice a year.
2. Potassium (K) Deficiency
Symptoms
Management
3. Phosphorus Deficiency
Symptoms
Management
Foliar spray of DAP 2% twice at fortnightly interval or soil application of FYM 5kg/tree. Root feeding of 1% DAP 2 ml twice a year.
4. Sulphur Deficiency
Symptoms
Management
5.Boron (B) Deficiency
Symptoms
Management
6.Manganese (Mn) Deficiency
Symptoms
Management
Soil application of MnSO4 @ 25kg/ha
7.Magnesium (Mg) Deficiency
Symptoms
Management
8.Zinc (Zn) Deficiency
Symptoms
Management
Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25kg/ha
9 Iron (Fe) Deficiency
Symptoms
Management
Application of Feso4 0.25 to 0.5 kg/tree/year
10.Calcium (Ca) Deficiency
Symptoms
Management
Soil application of lime based on lime requirement and root feeding of 1% calcium nitrate
11.Copper (Cu) Deficiency
Symptoms
Management
Soil application of CuSO4 @ 25 kg per ha.
12.Molybdenum (Mo) Deficiency
Symptoms
Management
Root feeding of 0.05% (0.5g/litre of water) Sodium Molybdate
Micronutrients (Soil application / tree / year)
Borax 50 g
Gypsum 1.0 kg
Magnessium sulphate 500g
Grow sunnhemp as intercrop twice a year (Seed rate 30 kg/ha)
Method of application
1.TANJORE WILT : Ganoderma lucidem and Ganoderma applanatum |
Symptom:
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Chemical method
2.BUD ROT: Phytophthora palmivora |
Symptom:
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Chemical method
3.LEAF BLIGHT (LB): Lasiodiplodia theobromae |
Symptom:
Chemical method
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4.STEM BLEEDING DISEASE: Thielaviopsis paradoxa |
Symptom:
Chemical Method:
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5.ROOT WILT (OR) KERALA WILT DISEASE: Phytoplasma |
Symptom:
Chemical Method
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6.LEAF ROT DISEASE: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides |
Symptom:
Chemical method
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Rejuvenation of existing garden
Boron deficiency or crown choke disorder
Apply 200 g of borax/palm/year in two splits.
Lack of pollination
1.Select nursery area in a well drained plot with coarse texture soil near water source for irrigation. Nursery can be raised in the open space with artificial shade or in the adult coconut garden.
2.Plant seednuts in long and narrow beds at a spacing of 30 x 30 cm either horizontally or vertically in deep trenches with 20-25 cm depth. Five rows of nuts may be planted in each bed accommodating 50 nuts per row.
3.Irrigate the nursery beds once in three days.
4.Keep the nursery free of weeds. To manage the weed problem in coconut nursery, growing sunnhemp 2 times (each harvested at flowering stage) followed by one hand weeding at 6th month was found to be very effective besides yielding green manure for
manuring the adult coconut palms.
5.Provide shade to the nursery by raising Sesbania or Leucaena on the sides of beds.
6.The seednuts start germination 6 – 8 weeks after planting and germination continues upto six months. Select seedlings that germinate before 5 months after planting. Remove those nuts which do not germinate 5 months after sowing.
7.Regularly survey for pest and diseases
8.Select seedlings 9 to 12 months after planting. Seedlings, which have germinated earlier, having good girth at collar and early splitting of leaflets, should be selected for planting. Do not select the so called Kakkamukku Pillai i.e., seednuts which have just germinated.
Eliminate the seedlings which are deformed or having stunted growth.
9.Remove the seedlings from the nursery by lifting with spade. Do not pull out the seedlings by pulling leaves or stem.
10. Select quality seedlings with a minimum of 6 leaves and girth of 10 cm at collar.
Harvesting